Korean Lessons ᚛ Level 8 - Advanced Korean #1 (Lessons 211 to 240) ᚛ Lesson 221 - Listing in Korean [-는가 하면] [(이)며 (이)며]
Listing in Korean [-는가 하면] [(이)며 (이)며]
This lesson brings together two ways of listing. -는가 하면, literally "if we say that…", distributes cases: "some…, others…", "on the one hand…, on the other…". (이)며 (이)며 strings nouns together in an open-ended list, like "and… and…", "whether… or…", to give an impression of abundance or variety. The first structure is built on a verb, the second on nouns.
"Some…, others…" with -는가 하면
-는가 하면 attaches to the stem of a verb, -(으)ㄴ가 하면 to that of an adjective, and the second clause presents the opposite case, almost always with 도 (… 사람도 있다, … 아이들도 있어요):
[Case 1]는가 하면 [Case 2]도 있다
The most frequent pattern is -는 사람이 있는가 하면 -는 사람도 있다, "there are people who…, and there are also people who…". It is used to describe the diversity of a group, without judging. In the past, -았/었는가 하면.
한국인 중에도 김치를 좋아하는 사람이 있는가 하면 좋아하지 않는 사람도 있다.
→ Even among Koreans, some people like kimchi and others don't.
한국어를 가르치다 보면 한국어 말하기에 재능이 많은 외국인이 있는가 하면 쓰기에 재능이 있는 외국인도 있습니다.
→ When you teach Korean, you see foreigners who are very gifted at speaking, and others who are gifted at writing.
내 주변 친구들 중에는 매운 음식을 즐겨 먹는 친구가 있는가 하면 전혀 못 먹는 친구도 있어요.
→ Among my friends, some love spicy food, and others can't handle it at all.
어린이집 낮잠 시간에 가만히 잠을 자는 아이들이 있는가 하면 잠을 안 자고 장난감을 가지고 노는 아이들도 있어요.
→ At nap time at the daycare, some children sleep quietly, and others don't sleep and play with their toys.
제가 동화책을 읽어 줄 때 귀 기울여 잘 듣는 아이들이 있는가 하면 딴청을 부리는 아이들도 있어요.
→ When I read a storybook, some children listen attentively, and others do something else entirely.
누구나 완벽할 수 없듯이 모든 사람은 장점을 가지고 있는가 하면 단점도 당연히 있기 마련이다.
→ Just as nobody is perfect, everyone has strengths, but also, inevitably, weaknesses.
어떤 사람은 아침에 일찍 일어나는가 하면 밤늦게까지 깨어 있는 사람도 있어요.
→ Some people get up early in the morning, others stay up until late at night.
어떤 사람은 혼자 여행하는 것을 즐기는가 하면 꼭 친구와 함께 가는 사람도 있어요.
→ Some people enjoy traveling alone, others always go with friends.
"And… and…" with (이)며 (이)며
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