Korean Lessons ᚛ Level 9 - Advanced Korean #2 (Lessons 241 to 270) ᚛ Lesson 262 - Not only in Korean #2 [은/는 물론(이고)] [-거니와]
Not only in Korean #2 [은/는 물론(이고)] [-거니와]
After 뿐만 아니라 and -(으)ㄹ뿐더러, here are two more ways of saying "not only…, but also". The first relies on the word 물론, "of course", "obviously": 은/는 물론(이고), "A, that goes without saying, and B on top". It is used after a noun, and after a nominalised clause with -(으)ㄴ/는 것은 물론. The second, -거니와, is a more formal connective ending that stacks two qualities or two reasons: "A, and what is more, B". In both cases, the second part often carries 도 or 까지, "also", "even", to mark the escalation.
"Not to mention" with 은/는 물론(이고)
[Noun A]은/는 물론(이고) [Noun B]도 / 까지 …
Noun A is what goes without saying, noun B what comes on top: 맛은 물론이고 분위기도, "the taste, of course, and the atmosphere too". 물론 on its own is enough in writing and in short sentences, 한국은 물론 해외에서도; 물론이고, with the copula in -고, is the full spoken form. Noun B is often followed by 도, by a particle of place or time plus 도, 해외에서도, 평일에도, or by 까지 for the extreme. The sentence needs no verb between A and B: 물론 plays the role of "not to mention".
살을 빼겠다고 계속 굶기만 한다면 요요 현상은 물론 건강에도 적신호가 켜질 거예요.
→ If you keep starving yourself to lose weight, not to mention the yo-yo effect, your health will also be in the red.
이 카페는 커피는 물론이고 디저트도 맛있어요.
→ At this café, the coffee, of course, but the desserts too are good.
그 배우는 한국은 물론 해외에서도 인기가 많아요.
→ That actor is very popular in Korea, obviously, but abroad as well.
이 가게는 주말은 물론이고 평일에도 손님이 많아요.
→ This shop has lots of customers at the weekend, that goes without saying, but on weekdays too.
With a clause: -(으)ㄴ/는 것은 물론
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"And what is more" with -거니와
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Exercises
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Podcasts in Korean specially designed for beginners, to learn Korean by really listening to it from the very beginning.
You’re starting to learn Korean (or you already know the basics), but as soon as you listen to spoken Korean, everything suddenly feels too fast?
The words blend together, the pronunciation escapes you, and you feel like “real Korean” is very different from what you learned in textbooks.
That’s normal!
Listening comprehension is the most difficult part for all beginners.
