Korean Lessons ᚛ Level 7 - Upper-Intermediate Korean #2 (Lessons 181 to 210) ᚛ Lesson 190 - According to, depending on, by in Korean [에 따라(서)] [에 따르면] [에 의하면] [에 의해(서)]

According to, depending on, by in Korean [에 따라(서)] [에 따르면] [에 의하면] [에 의해(서)]

In this course: 에 따르면 / 에 의하면 / 에 따라 / 에 따라서 / 에 의해 / 에 의해서 / 에 의한

To cite a source ("according to the weather forecast", "according to the newspaper"), to say what something depends on ("depending on age"), to follow a trend ("as… increases") or to name the agent of an action ("by the police"), Korean uses a small family of expressions built on the verbs 따르다, "to follow", and 의하다, "to be based on". In this chapter, we are going to look at 에 따르면 and 에 의하면, "according to", then 에 따라(서), "depending on, as", and finally 에 의해(서) and 에 의한, "by, due to".

According to with 에 따르면 and 에 의하면

To give the source of a piece of information, we use one of the following structures:
[Source]에 따르면 [Information]
[Source]에 의하면 [Information]

The source is a noun: a person (가이드의 말에 따르면, "according to what the guide says"), a document, a study, a rumor, the weather forecast. The reported information very often ends with the indirect speech -(ㄴ/는)다고 하다 or with a marker of supposition (-(으)ㄹ 거예요), since the speaker is only passing it on. The two expressions are interchangeable; 에 의하면 is a little more formal and more literary.

- 이번 주말에 여행 가야 하는데 일기예보는 확인해 봤어?
→ We are going on a trip this weekend, did you check the weather forecast?
- 일기예보에 따르면 이번 주말은 전국적으로 날씨가 화창할 거래.
→ According to the forecast, it will be sunny across the whole country this weekend.

보석 감정사의 말에 따르면 감정 결과 이 다이아몬드들은 진품이며 희귀한 가치를 지녔다고 해요.
→ According to the gemologist, the appraisal shows that these diamonds are genuine and of rare value.

가이드의 말에 따르면 이곳은 현지인에게는 유명하지만 여행객들은 잘 모르는 장소라고 했어요.
→ According to the guide, this place is well known to locals but tourists hardly know about it.

연구에 따르면 감기에 걸리지 않기 위해서는 비타민 D의 충분한 섭취가 중요하다고 한다.
→ According to studies, a sufficient intake of vitamin D is important to avoid catching a cold.

내 경험에 따르면 한 번 깨진 관계는 다시 원래대로 되돌릴 수 없어.
→ In my experience, a broken relationship never goes back to what it was.

들리는 소문에 따르면 곧 우리 회사에 구조조정이 있거나 합병 가능성이 있다고 해요.
→ According to the rumors going around, our company will soon undergo restructuring or possibly a merger.

소문에 의하면 민지 씨랑 재현 씨가 비밀로 2년이나 사내 연애를 하고 있었다고 해요.
→ According to the rumor, Minji and Jaehyun had been secretly dating at the office for two whole years.

경찰 조사 결과에 의하면 재현 씨는 길을 건너는 중 뺑소니 차량에 치였다고 합니다.
→ According to the findings of the police investigation, Jaehyun was hit by a hit-and-run vehicle while crossing the street.

Depending on, as with 에 따라(서)

By, due to with 에 의해(서) and 에 의한

Exercises

Particles are omnipresent in Korean. They indicate the role of words in a sentence, nuance meaning, and make it possible to understand who does what, where, how, and why.

Particles are also often the aspect that causes the most difficulty for Korean learners. In grammar books, they are usually presented in the middle of long sentences, with complex vocabulary, without being clearly highlighted.

With Korean Particles, we made the opposite choice:
taking the time to explain each particle, one by one, using very simple sentences, accessible even to beginners.

Learn more

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